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<title lang=en>Human impact on genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii: example of the anthropized environment from French Guiana.</title>
<creator>Mercier, Aurélien</creator>
<creator>Ajzenberg, Daniel</creator>
<creator>Devillard, S.</creator>
<creator>Demar, Magalie</creator>
<creator>De Thoisy, B.</creator>
<creator>Bonnabau, H.</creator>
<creator>Collinet, Frédéric</creator>
<creator>Boukhari, R.</creator>
<creator>Blanchet, D.</creator>
<creator>Simon, Stéphane</creator>
<creator>Carme, Bernard</creator>
<creator>Dardé, Marie-Laure</creator>
<contributor>Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée (NETEC) ; Université de Limoges (UNILIM) - Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale - Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)</contributor>
<contributor>Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC) ; CHU Limoges</contributor>
<contributor>Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (LBBE) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)</contributor>
<contributor>Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)</contributor>
<contributor>Institut Pasteur de la Guyane</contributor>
<contributor>Unité Fonctionnelle de Recherche Clinique et de Biostatistique (UFRCB) ; CHU Limoges</contributor>
<contributor>Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET) ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503) - Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale - CHU Limoges - Université de Limoges (UNILIM)</contributor>
<contributor>Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale ; Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais (CHOG) ; CHOG - Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais - CHOG - Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais</contributor>
<description>International audience</description>
<source>ISSN: 1567-1348</source>
<source>EISSN: 1567-7257</source>
<source>Infection, Genetics and Evolution</source>
<publisher>Elsevier</publisher>
<identifier>pasteur-00654105</identifier>
<identifier>https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00654105</identifier>
<identifier>https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00654105/document</identifier>
<identifier>https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00654105/file/Mercier_et_al_IGE2011.pdf</identifier>
<source>https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00654105</source>
<source>Infection, Genetics and Evolution, Elsevier, 2011, 11 (6), pp.1378-87. 〈10.1016/j.meegid.2011.05.003〉</source>
<identifier>DOI : 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.05.003</identifier>
<relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.meegid.2011.05.003</relation>
<identifier>PUBMED : 21600306</identifier>
<relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/21600306</relation>
<language>en</language>
<subject>[SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology</subject>
<type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</type>
<type>Journal articles</type>
<description lang=en>In French Guiana, severe cases of toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients are associated with atypical strains of Toxoplasma gondii linked to a wild neotropical rainforest cycle and a higher genetic diversity than usually observed for T. gondii isolates from anthropized environment. This raises the question of the impact of anthropization of the natural environment, on genetic diversity and on the population structure of T. gondii. However, few data are available on strains circulating in the anthropized areas from French Guiana. Seropositive animals originating mainly from anthropized sub-urban areas and punctually from wild environment in French Guiana were analyzed for T. gondii isolation and genotyping. Thirty-three strains were obtained by bioassay in mice and compared with 18 previously reported isolates chiefly originating from the Amazon rainforest. The genotyping analysis performed with 15 microsatellite markers located on 12 different chromosomes revealed a lower genetic diversity in the anthropized environment. Results were analyzed in terms of population structure by clustering methods, Neighbor-joining trees reconstruction based on genetic distances, F(ST,) Mantel's tests and linkage disequilibrium. They clearly showed a genetic differentiation between strains associated to the anthropized environment and those associated to the wild, but with some inbreeding between them. The majority of strains from the anthropized environment were clustered into additional lineages of T. gondii that are common in the Caribbean. In conclusion the two environmental populations "wild" and "anthropized" were genetically well differentiated. The anthropization of the environment seems to be accompanied with a decreased diversity of T. gondii associated with a greater structure of the populations. We detected potential interpenetration and genetic exchanges between these two environmental populations. As a higher pathogenicity in human of "wild" genotypes has been described, the interpenetration of both environments leads to hybridization between strains that may be at risk for human health.</description>
<date>2011-08</date>
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