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<identifier>oai:HAL:hal-01594501v1</identifier>
<datestamp>2017-12-21</datestamp>
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<publisher>HAL CCSD</publisher>
<title lang=en>Recombination is a major driving force of genetic diversity in the Anaplasmataceae Ehrlichia ruminantium</title>
<creator>Cangi, Nídia</creator>
<creator>Gordon, Jonathan L.</creator>
<creator>Bournez, Laure</creator>
<creator>Pinarello, Valérie</creator>
<creator>Aprelon, Rosalie</creator>
<creator>Huber, Karine</creator>
<creator>LEFRANCOIS, Thierry</creator>
<creator>Neves, Luís</creator>
<creator>Meyer, Damien</creator>
<creator>Vachiery, Nathalie</creator>
<contributor>UMR CMAEE ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD)</contributor>
<contributor>Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)</contributor>
<contributor> </contributor>
<contributor>Centrode Biotecnologia-UEM ; Eduardo Mondlane University</contributor>
<contributor>Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)</contributor>
<contributor>UMR : Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes , Montferrier Sur Lez ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement</contributor>
<contributor>Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes [Montpellier] (CMAEE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) - Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement [CIRAD] : UMR15</contributor>
<contributor>UMR CMAEE Guadeloupe ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD)</contributor>
<contributor>Centro de Biotecnologia-UEM ; Eduardo Mondlane University</contributor>
<contributor>Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science ; University of Pretoria [South Africa]</contributor>
<contributor>This work was financially supported by CIRAD and EPIGENESIS project which received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No. 31598. FUNDO ABERTO DA UEM 2012-2013 and FUNDO NACIONAL DE INVESTIGACAO Projecto No 133-Inv/FNI/ 2012-2013 funded the field trips and reagents in Mozambique. French ministry of Agriculture and "Direction de l'Alimentation, de l'Agriculture et de la Foret de Guadeloupe" financed RESPANG work. </contributor>
<source>ISSN: 2235-2988</source>
<source>Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology</source>
<publisher>Frontiers Media</publisher>
<identifier>hal-01594501</identifier>
<identifier>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01594501</identifier>
<identifier>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01594501/document</identifier>
<identifier>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01594501/file/paper_MLST_ER_2016_%7B51027B58-C2C7-41C8-9746-BD8A9F387C87%7D.pdf</identifier>
<source>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01594501</source>
<source>Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Frontiers Media, 2016, 6, 14 p. 〈10.3389/fcimb.2016.00111〉</source>
<identifier>DOI : 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00111</identifier>
<relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3389/fcimb.2016.00111</relation>
<identifier>PRODINRA : 372166</identifier>
<language>en</language>
<subject lang=en>Ehrlichia ruminantium</subject>
<subject lang=en>MLST</subject>
<subject lang=en> recombination</subject>
<subject lang=en>genetic diversity</subject>
<subject lang=en>genetic population structure</subject>
<subject lang=en>heartwater disease</subject>
<subject lang=en>livestock raising</subject>
<subject lang=en>west indies region</subject>
<subject lang=fr>cowdriose</subject>
<subject lang=fr>betail</subject>
<subject lang=fr>ruminant</subject>
<subject lang=fr>cowdria</subject>
<subject lang=fr>genetique des populations</subject>
<subject lang=fr>analyse phylogénique</subject>
<subject lang=fr>afrique</subject>
<subject lang=fr>océan indien</subject>
<subject lang=fr>caraïbes</subject>
<subject lang=fr>cluster</subject>
<subject>[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology</subject>
<type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</type>
<type>Journal articles</type>
<description lang=en>The disease, Heartwater, caused by the Anaplasmataceae E. ruminantium, represents a major problem for tropical livestock and wild ruminants. Up to now, no effective vaccine has been available due to a limited cross protection of vaccinal strains on field strains and a high genetic diversity of Ehrlichia ruminantium within geographical locations. To address this issue, we inferred the genetic diversity and population structure of 194 E. ruminantium isolates circulating worldwide using Multilocus Sequence Typing based on lipA, lipB, secY, sodB, and sucA genes. Phylogenetic trees and networks were generated using BEAST and SplitsTree, respectively, and recombination between the different genetic groups was tested using the PHI test for recombination. Our study reveals the repeated occurrence of recombination between E. ruminantium strains, suggesting that it may occur frequently in the genome and has likely played an important role in the maintenance of genetic diversity and the evolution of E. ruminantium. Despite the unclear phylogeny and phylogeography, E. ruminantium isolates are clustered into two main groups: Group 1 (West Africa) and a Group 2 (worldwide) which is represented by West, East, and Southern Africa, Indian Ocean, and Caribbean strains. Some sequence types are common between West Africa and Caribbean and between Southern Africa and Indian Ocean strains. These common sequence types highlight two main introduction events due to the movement of cattle: from West Africa to Caribbean and from Southern Africa to the Indian Ocean islands. Due to the long branch lengths between Group 1 and Group 2, and the propensity for recombination between these groups, it seems that the West African clusters of Subgroup 2 arrived there more recently than the original divergence of the two groups, possibly with the original waves of domesticated ruminants that spread across the African continent several thousand years ago.</description>
<date>2016</date>
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