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<title lang=en>Independent recruitment of saprotrophic fungi as mycorrhizal partners by tropical achlorophyllous orchids</title>
<creator>Martos, Florent</creator>
<creator>Dulormne, Maguy</creator>
<creator>Pailler, Thierry</creator>
<creator>Bonfante, Paola</creator>
<creator>Faccio, Antonella</creator>
<creator>Fournel, Jacques</creator>
<creator>Dubois, Marie-Pierre</creator>
<creator>Selosse, Marc-Andre</creator>
<contributor>UMR Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT - Université de La Réunion) ; Université de la Réunion (UR)</contributor>
<contributor>Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] (INRA Montpellier) - École pratique des hautes études (EPHE) - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro) - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3) - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)</contributor>
<contributor>Dynamique des écosystèmes Caraïbe et biologie des espèces associées (DYNECAR EA 926) ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)</contributor>
<description>International audience</description>
<source>ISSN: 0028-646X</source>
<source>EISSN: 1469-8137</source>
<source>New Phytologist</source>
<publisher>Wiley</publisher>
<identifier>hal-01199356</identifier>
<identifier>http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01199356</identifier>
<source>http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01199356</source>
<source>New Phytologist, Wiley, 2009, 184 (3), pp.668--683. 〈10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02987.x〉</source>
<identifier>DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02987.x</identifier>
<relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02987.x</relation>
<language>en</language>
<subject>[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology</subject>
<type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</type>
<type>Journal articles</type>
<description lang=en>Mycoheterotrophic orchids have adapted to shaded forest understory by shifting to achlorophylly and receiving carbon from their mycorrhizal fungi. In temperate forests, they associate in a highly specific way with fungi forming ectomycorrhizas on nearby trees, and exploiting tree photosynthates. However, many rainforests lack ectomycorrhizal fungi, and there is evidence that some tropical Asiatic species associate with saprotrophic fungi. To investigate this in different geographic and phylogenetic contexts, we identified the mycorrhizal fungi supporting two tropical mycoheterotrophic orchids from Mascarene (Indian Ocean) and Caribbean islands. We tested their possible carbon sources by measuring natural nitrogen (15N) and carbon (13C) abundances. Saprotrophic basidiomycetes were found: Gastrodia similis associates with a wood-decaying Resinicium (Hymenochaetales); Wullschlaegelia aphylla associates with both litter-decaying Gymnopus and Mycena species, whose rhizomorphs link orchid roots to leaf litter. The 15N and 13C abundances make plausible food chains from dead wood to G. similis and from dead leaves to W. aphylla. We propose that temperature and moisture in rainforests, but not in most temperate forests, may favour sufficient saprotrophic activity to support development of mycoheterotrophs. By enlarging the spectrum of mycorrhizal fungi and the level of specificity in mycoheterotrophic orchids, this study provides new insights on orchid and mycorrhizal biology in the tropics. New Phytologist (2009)doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02987.x</description>
<date>2009</date>
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