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<title lang=en>Integrative biomechanics for tree ecology: beyond wood density and strength</title>
<creator>Fournier, Mériem</creator>
<creator>Dlouhà, Jana</creator>
<creator>Jaouen, Gaëlle</creator>
<creator>Almeras, Tancrède</creator>
<contributor>Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) - AgroParisTech</contributor>
<contributor>Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - AgroParisTech - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)</contributor>
<contributor>Mécanique de l'Arbre et du Bois (MAB) ; Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil (LMGC) ; Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)</contributor>
<description>International audience</description>
<source>ISSN: 0022-0957</source>
<source>EISSN: 1460-2431</source>
<source>Journal of Experimental Botany</source>
<publisher>Oxford University Press (OUP)</publisher>
<identifier>hal-00909904</identifier>
<identifier>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00909904</identifier>
<identifier>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00909904/document</identifier>
<identifier>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00909904/file/Integrative_biomechanics_for_tree_Fournier_al.pdf</identifier>
<source>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00909904</source>
<source>Journal of Experimental Botany, Oxford University Press (OUP), 2013, 60 (15), pp.4397-4410. 〈10.1093/jxb/ert279〉</source>
<identifier>DOI : 10.1093/jxb/ert279</identifier>
<relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1093/jxb/ert279</relation>
<language>en</language>
<subject lang=en>Biomechanics</subject>
<subject lang=en>Ecological strategy</subject>
<subject lang=en>Gravitropism</subject>
<subject lang=en>Shape</subject>
<subject lang=en>Size</subject>
<subject lang=en>Trees</subject>
<subject lang=en>Wood</subject>
<subject>[SPI.MECA.BIOM] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph]</subject>
<subject>[PHYS.MECA.BIOM] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph]</subject>
<type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</type>
<type>Journal articles</type>
<description lang=en>Functional ecology has long considered the support function as important, but its biomechanical complexity is only just being elucidated. We show here that it can be described on the basis of four biomechanical traits, two safety traits against winds (SW) and self-buckling (SB), and two motricity traits involved in sustaining an upright position, tropic motion velocity (MV) and posture control (PC). All these traits are integrated at the tree scale, combining tree size and shape together with wood properties. The assumption of trait constancy has been used to derive allometric scaling laws, but it was more recently found that observing their variations among environments and functional groups, or during ontogeny, provides more insights into adaptive syndromes of tree shape and wood properties. However, over-simplified expressions have often been used, possibly concealing key adaptive drivers. An extreme case of over-simplification is the use of wood basic density as a proxy for safety. Actually, since wood density is involved in stiffness, loads and construction costs, the impact of its variations on safety is non-trivial. Moreover, other wood features, especially the microfibril angle (MFA), are also involved. Furthermore, wood is not only stiff and strong, but it also acts as a motor for MV and PC. The relevant wood trait for that is maturation strain asymmetry. Maturation strains vary with cell wall characteristics such as MFA, rather than with wood density. Finally, the need for further studies about the ecological relevance of branching patterns, motricity traits and growth responses to mechanical loads is discussed.</description>
<date>2013</date>
</dc>
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